Satish Kumar Modalavalasa, M. Tech.

Rapid growth in the number of sensing elements demands novel communication approaches and the utilization of computational prowess for modern intelligent systems and futuristic technological diligence with the Internet of things (IoT). There are advanced trends in applications related to cyberphysical systems, where interaction with physical sensing elements and digital computational resources is predominant. This article explores an application of a digital twin (DT) in vehicle fleet management utilizing optical wireless communication technology. A digital microservice architecture for receiving sensor data, storage, and real-time visualization is implemented, incorporating the open-source Eclipse Ditto framework as a DT-based IoT middleware solution. The pilot experimental setup for the functional implementation of the proof of concept of the proposed system architecture is analysed. We have used 10 m long visible-light communication links to transmit custom string information, replicating sensor data from a vehicle equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and sending it to the receiver node on the edge server. The bit error rates of 4×10−10 and 1×10−6 were measured for a maximum link distance of up to 15 m in the case of vehicle to infrastructure links and infrastructure to vehicle, respectively. The research demonstrates an integration between the computational processing scenario and a physical communication interface for vehicular applications within a DT framework. The fleet management application is proposed and implemented as a prototype for a fleet of ten vehicles transmitting sensor information to the DT application for telematics and alert handling.

Digital Twin (DT) technology is often used to replicate physical systems in the digital domain and gain access to monitoring, managing, automating, and predicting the system's behavior and state. The modeling of the physical magnitudes becomes important when performing any possible operations on the obtained data sets. This article discusses the modeling and procedures used for the development of a base for DT systems with optical wireless communications (OWC). OWC is adversely affected by wireless channel impairments that must be addressed for reliable communications. The impact of atmospheric turbulence affects the free-space optical (FSO) links, which are a branch of optical wireless communication (OWC). This current research provides insight into a machine learning-based prediction model for predicting the scintillation index of an FSO link using a turbulence emulator chamber. The paper also discusses the fundamental concepts of DT development from the point of view of real-time data flow, implemented through an OWC link, highlighting connection interfaces and automatic control. In the context of DTs, modeling approaches and integration of intelligent systems play a crucial role. This article combines these two areas to provide some initial observations of the research activities carried out towards the development of a proof-ofconcept base for DT employing OWC as part of its target system and as the data interface.

Optical Wireless Communication (OWC), has been proposed as a potential technology for applications where the legacy radio frequency communication may not be suitable or cannot provide the required quality-of-service or security. The OWC has proven its dominance in a wide range of applications where demand for cost-effectiveness, high bandwidth, and relatively high security are predominant. In particular, it has been playing a significant role in ground-to-space, and space-to-ground communications, and is emerging as a viable system for last-meter and last-mile access networks. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of several of these application areas, which are referred to as sectors.

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the interference analysis of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-based optical camera communications (OCC) link. We propose an NLOS MIMO-OCC using two organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and a camera as transmitters (Txs) and the receiver, respectively, as well as reflections from plain wall and paper surfaces. We analyze the performance of the proposed scheme when two OLED Txs are modulated out of phase and at different transmission frequencies fs. We conduct an experimental investigation of the proposed system in an indoor environment and evaluate its performance in terms of signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and the reception success rates Rrs with respect to camera exposure time, the analog gain and varying/s. The initial results show that for a link span of 2 m, the reception success is 100 % for the SNR values of (i) ~5 dB at transmission frequencies of 100 and 200 Hz; and (ii) ~4 and ~6 dB for OLEDI and OLED2 at fs1 and 1s2 of 100 and 200 Hz, respectively.