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prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.

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Czechoslovak Electrotechnical Association – a specific branch of federal life in the first Czechoslovak Republic

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The contribution captures the development and application of the Czechoslovak Electrical Association (ESC) in the Czechoslovak Electrical Industry after 1918, in particular its organizational and professional importance in the implementation of Law No 438/1919 Coll. z. n. of the Czechoslovak Republic on the continued electrification of Czechoslovakia and in the application of modern standardization and standardization in electrical engineering. It also captures the activities of the ESC for the benefit of its members in the fields of education, research, job security, international provision of electricity networks, provision of foreign traineeships as well as exhibition activities. It is also dedicated to the ESC cooperation with universities, ministry ministries, in particular the State Electricity Council of the Ministry of Public Works, foreign electrotechnical associations (in particular the Société française des électrotechniciens /SFE/ and Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker /VDE/) as well as individual electrical technicians. It also characterises the participation of the ESC in international specialist bodies such as the International Association of Standardisation (1924 ISA, 1928 - International Organization for Standardization - ISO), the Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Électriques (CIGRE, 1921 Paris) and the Union internationale des producteurs et distributeurs d'énergie électrique (UNIPEDE, 1925 Paris).

Electrification and new elements in the housing of the population of Czechoslovakia between the two world wars

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Pod značkou Made in Czechoslovakia. Invence ve službách československého zahraničního obchodu a průmyslové výroby v letech 1918-1992.. Praha 7: Národní technické muzeum v Praze, 2022. p. 131-145. vol. 1. ISBN 978-80-7037-349-1.
  • Year: 2022
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The chapter deals with the influence of electrification carried out in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars (1919-1939) on the methods of modern housing. The author analyzes the use of electricity in the everyday life of the citizens of Czechoslovakia and changes in the construction of houses adapted to the needs of electrification.

Electrification and the life of electrical transformers in Czechoslovakia, from the First World War to today

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Trajectoires des matériaux et des objets. Usages, transformations et réemplois. Paris: Centre d´Histoire des Techniques, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 2022. p. 41-58. Coédition. vol. 1. ISBN 979-10-91901-59-8.
  • Year: 2022
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    After the First World War, the electrification carried out in Czechoslovakia between 1919 and 1939, under Law 438/1919, became the symbol of the construction of a modern independent state and a democratic society. The electrification was based on the experience, invention and education of the technical elite, who came to this task fully trained and well organized scientifically and productively. Its main platform was the Czechoslovak Electrotechnical Union headed by Vladimír List, which cooperates closely with the state autho-rities, with the necessary standardization base and the technical universities and their researches and also with the foreign technical companies (for example: Société française d’électricité – SFE). For the distribution of electricity according to the aforementioned law, transformers had to be built. They were standardized, they had to be incorporated into the surrounding architecture and they served their purpose in the 1970s. Then their technology was simplified, but the transformation buildings in the Czech towns and villages remained. They entered private hands. They were transformed in private homes, shops, art workshops, small museums. Formal modifications were made to the buildings while some-times keeping a technical dimension (astronomical clock, meteorological station, etc.).

Introduction

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The introduction characterizes the historical issues of the entire publication, which is dedicated to the anniversary of the founding of the independent Czechoslovak Republic. Emphasis is placed primarily on technical, economic, and social development.

The European success of the businessman Emil Kolben – ČKD, his industrial center of the first Czechoslovak Republic

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: États, pouvoirs et frontières : Enjeux stratégiques nationaux et internationaux, de l'époque médiévale à nos jours. Huningue: Presses universitaires Rhin et Danube, 2022. p. 43-70. Histoire 6. vol. 1. ISBN 978-2-493323-28-6.
  • Year: 2022
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The text of the article analyzes the development of one of the most important Czechoslovak industrial production enterprises between the two world wars – ČKD. It also presents the personality of the founder of this large company – Emil Kolben. It deals with the economic background of the company's development about the Czechoslovak economic development and political ties after the First World War (after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles especially in France), the participation of ČKD in the electrification of Czechoslovakia, and his industrial production in the period 1918-1938.

Computing at the National Technical Museum in Prague. Exhibition methodology. The Czech trail in computer history

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: e-Phaistos, Revue d’histoire des techniques / Journal of the history of technology. 2021, IX(2), 1-32. ISSN 2552-0741.
  • Year: 2021
  • DOI: 10.4000/ephaistos.9640
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.4000/ephaistos.9640
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    This article discusses preparations for and installation of an exhibition on computer technology, cybernetics, and information science in the Czech Republic (Czech lands) 2020-2021. It is essentially the first exhibition of this type in Czech technical museums, which was launched by the Laboratory of (electro) technical history of the Faculty of Electricity at the Polytechnic University of Prague and which had to develop a methodology and a certified method for the collecting, protecting, scientifically classifying and examining and, last but not least, adjusting for display 3D exhibits – specialized machines for computer, communications, cybernetic and information technology. Seen from today´s perspective, when virtually everybody is capable of handling a smartphone or using a computer for work and entertainment, the purpose of the exhibition is not only to trace the development of those machines but also to introduce the engineering elite standing at the cradle of this technology since the 18th century.

Electrification and Europeanization A Brief History of Power Grids in the Czech Republic

  • DOI: 10.35998/oe-2021-0044
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.35998/oe-2021-0044
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Power grids are the arteries of national and transnational integration. They increase the security of supply and ensure economic synergy effects. Whenever the master-minds of European unification presented plans for pan-European power grids in the 1920s, Czechoslovakia was always involved. However, the division of Europe after the Second World War led to Czechoslovakia's integration into grid of the Comecon countries, which was largely decoupled from Western Europe. Since 1995, the Czech network of transmission lines has been an integral part of the European power generation and distribution grid, and the Czech Republic plays an important role in the power supply in Central Europe.

The Czech Trace in the History of Computer Technology

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities, Center for Software Training
  • Annotation:
    This publication traces the history of selected branches of computer science in the Czech lands and Czechoslovakia, spanning the period from the end of World War II to the 1990s. The book originated within the project of the Ministry of Culture NAKI II – A Century of Information: the World of Informatics and Electrical Engineering – The Computer World Inside Us, held in honor of the 70th anniversary of the modern establishment of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague, and to mark the 40th anniversary of the death of the distinguished Czech scientist Antonín Svoboda. The publication is focused on three fundamental domains: the first one portrays the general development trends in computer technology (Reviewing Computer Technology Developments), the next section is devoted to the Czechoslovak/Czech (or rather Svoboda´s) computer school, showcasing the upswing of Czechoslovakia´s computer technology, associated primarily with the person of Antonín Svoboda, his colleagues and the achievements of the Research Institute of Mathematical Machines, while accentuating Czech/Czechoslovak contributions to the overal upsurge of information technology. The final part describes recent and contemporary advances in IT, particularly since the 1980s, featuring the Internet, the web and virtual reality. This publication provides an insightful invitation to reflect on the impressive progress of this particular branch, namely its giant technological leap made over the past 70 years.

Wireless telegraphy and world exhibitions during the 19th century

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: 52. seminář Pravidelné setkání zájemců o mikrovlnnou techniku. Česká elektrotechnická společnost, z.s. Praha: Česká elektrotechnická společnost, 2021. p. 33-35. Mikrovlnná technika. vol. 52. ISBN 978-80-02-02939-7.
  • Year: 2021
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The text focused on the presentation of telegraphy at the first world industrial exhibition in London in 1851. It follows developments in the Czech lands (Gintl, Petřina) - duplex and outpatient telegraph. It characterizes the knowledge about telegraphy at other world exhibitions and also the application of the telegraph in practice.

Czechoslovak electrification between the two wars: the role of electrotechnical engineers in the integration of foreign techniques.

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Ingénieurs et Entreprises XIXe-XXIe siècle. Les ingénieurs français et leur influence dans le monde - Artefact. Toulouse: Presses universitaires du Midi, 2020. p. 167-192. vol. 13. ISBN 978-2-8107-0706-5.
  • Year: 2020
  • DOI: 10.4000/artefact.6567
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.6567
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The new Czechoslovak state, created after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in October 1918 and founded on a pluralist democracy, was interested in economic growth and political stability. He was able to obtain it not only by being included in international relations after the end of the First World War given by the Treaty of Versailles, but also by internal decisions which ensured that Czechoslovakia between the two wars had a certain economic stability international. One of the important decisions of the state in this case and at the time was the adoption of the law on electrification systematic, shortly after the creation of an independent Czechoslovakia, in 1919. The article attempts to present the electrification process organized by the Czechoslovak state by using two engineers’ biographies: Emil Kolben in the electrotechnical industry and Vladimír List in the educational and scientific field for electrotechnical.

Electric vehicles (and hybrid cars) of leading czech entrepreneurs between wars - future travel from socket to socket

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: České století motorismu. II, Motorismus jako prostředek volného času. Brno: Technické muzeum, 2020. p. 184-202. ISBN 978-80-87896-85-3.
  • Year: 2020
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Electromobility is currently a reality. The growth of the market has a significant upward trend, as electromobility has European and transnational support, the price of batteries is falling and the distance from the charging socket to the next needed socket is constantly increasing. In many cases, electric cars pay off even without subsidies today. The electric car is historically a technically simple machine. As early as 1881, the first electric car was introduced in Paris by technician Gustav Trouvé. In the Czech lands, all major Czech electrical engineers followed the new trend - for example, František Křižík designed it for the post office in 1895, Emil Kolben used it for trips to his factory from Prague's Vinohrady to Vysočany, and Josef Sousedík saw the electric car as the most suitable means of travel after 1945. and he also constructed it in hybrid and fully electric form. In the USA, around 1900, electric vehicle propulsion was the second most common after steam propulsion. However, the rise of combustion engines dating back to the turning point of the 19th and 20th centuries led to electric vehicles being largely forgotten for a long time due to unresolved charging methods over longer travel distances. But what did the path to the current state look like? Which Czech carmakers seriously dealt with the trend of electromobility at the end of the 19th century and with what result? Was there a transfer of technical knowledge in this field from the West to the Czech lands and who was its bearer? These are the main questions of the article, which deals with electromobility in the Czech environment.

Museums in the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia – we are uniting the past and the future

  • DOI: 10.4000/ephaistos.7432
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.4000/ephaistos.7432
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Museums in the Czech lands and Czechoslovakia have significant cultural, historical and social dating from the reign of Rudolph II Habsburg (1576-1611) and the last third of the eighteenth century, with the beginning of the natural and historical analysis (philological) of the Czech lands. Projects ecomuseums appear in the last third of the twentieth century thinking that the traditional concept of the museum was old and the presentation of the collection was to be more attractive, draw viewers in museum life, ensure interactivity and union with the objects presented. The new museum, possibly open-air museums, designed the identity of the places and people that create the defined territories. These workstations are making multi and interdisciplinary activities and represent the dynamic way in which the community of a given territory preserves, interprets and manages its natural and cultural legacy (historical and social). This eco-museums, social or useful museums museum (Ecomuseum - treatment plant wastewater Prague Technical Museum and Koloveč trades, Ecomuseum Růže, Écocentre Kavyl, Ecomuseum Ratenice, open-air museum Modrá, Pragulic the Night of museums, etc.). The importance of ecomuseums is currently overshadowed to some extent by virtual museums and 3D

Occupational Safety in the Electrotechnical Industry in Czechoslovakia 1918-1939

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Le travail en Europe occidentale des années 1830 aux années 1930. Valenciennes: Presses Universitaires de Valenciennes, 2020. p. 361-370. ISBN 978-2-36424-076-6.
  • Year: 2020
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The security of electrical engineering in the field of electrical appliances from the 1st International Electrotechnical Congress in Paris in 1881, which was cleared of the fact that electrical engineering provided a significant contribution to industrial activity in the field of systematic electricity generation. in this context, which produces and distributes electricity, but also what works with and for use. All other professionals, professional professionals, ordinary industrial and professional users, who are members of the management. They must be used for the purpose of using electric power, for example in the radio, passing on the aspirator, in the presence of clothing or in the presence of equipment for household use of electrical equipment. The Czech Republic opened a question of electrification from 22 July 1919, which was responsible for the level of personnel at the level of the Minister (public works and public health units for education and training) in the need to publish the public Czech with security rules in this part of the human work. The article provides a safety and present provision for the purpose of raising awareness of the Czech Electrotechnical Association (Czech acronyms - ESČ) in the attention of the accidents to accidents arising from the use of the electricity. Also, the ESČ's insignia files are created, which are partly present.

Patriotism in relation to the company - the whole world knows the TESLA brand (From Microphona to TESLA Strašnice, n.p., 1920-1990/1995)

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The text is an outline of the development of an important Czechoslovak weak-current electrotechnology company, which worked under the name Mikrophona/ Mikrofona, later TESLA. It was a mechanical-electronics complex with its own development linked to technical universities, a wide range of manufacturing as well as apprenticeship training. However, the company in Strašnice could not resist foreign competition and after the Velvet Revolution went into liquidation in 1995.

The path to Science ... Vladimir List passengers

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The article presents the journeys of the professional character of Czech electrical engineers and especially of the structural electrical engineer Vladimír List, in particular from the 1890s to 1939, and their influence on the development of the then technical education, industry, communication possibilities, or scientific international activities and cooperation. His travels related not only to his own studies (the Montefiore Institute in Liège, Belgium, from 1900-1902), to important political-economic-technical matters of the Czech lands and Czechoslovakia (such as his successful participation in the negotiations on the Versailles peace treaty in 1919-1920), but particularly to Listo's work on electrification of Czechoslovakia and the technical-standardization movement (to France, Switzerland, Germany, etc.) or to scientific conferences (essentially to the whole world, including the US, Japan, etc.). List's travels have demonstrated the need for professionals to gain experience through international contacts that capitalize not only on an individual's personal life and expertise, but also contribute significantly to the development of an entire society.

Czechoslovak Computer School

  • Authors: Golan, P., prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc., Konečný, T.
  • Publication: 2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference. Glasgow: University of Strathclyde Glasgow, 2019. p. 36-39. ISBN 978-1-7281-5056-7.
  • Year: 2019

Local Railway Section Tábor–Bechyně, Austro-Hungary’s First Electric Railway Operated by Ringhoffer´s Cars

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Fenomén Ringhoffer: rodina, podnikání, politika. Praha 8: Národní technické muzeum, 2019. p. 224-239. Práce z dějin techniky a přírodních věd. vol. 55. ISBN 978-80-7037-303-3.
  • Year: 2019
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The first electric-driven trams and trains began to emerge gradually in the world at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, while the first electromobiles were also built and used. Seen from today’s point of view, application of such vehicles was tantamount to introducing into the everyday life ecological means of transport, which promoted in practical life technical solutions that had not been always exactly unified. The use of electricity in individual countries was affected by political and economic circles, which had been, quite frequently, unable to agree on which type of electricity to use. As time went by, Europe was divided, in this particular respect, into two parts – preferring either DC or AC, moreover in several mutations, which gave rise to a fairly varied medley of electric systems. These were later typical for Europe as well as Czechoslovakia, which, at the same time, welcomed the use of electricity in practice. This is also corroborated by the construction of electric tram railway tracks in several Czech cities (e.g. Prague, Brno, Ostrava etc.) and by the idea to build an intercity electric railway line in South Bohemia between the towns of Tábor and Bechyně, measuring approximately 24 kilometers. After a steam traction system had been rejected, the Czech electrical engineer František Křižík took up the project in the given locality, which thus gained its link to the central railway network in the country.

Museum of Railway and Electrical Engineering: a view of the next decade

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    In the future (2028), the Museum of Railway and Electrical Engineering will be built as part of the National Technical Museum within the premises of Masaryk Station in Prague. The article deals with the development of electrotechnical fields and their museum adjustment, introduces the architecture of the future museum and selected exhibits.

A Century of Networks in the Electrotechnical World—Concepts of Electrification in Czechoslovakia and in Europe, until the end of the 1930s

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    As a technical and scientific branch, electrical engineering (and later also informatics or information science) began to be shaped and developed approximately since the last third of the 19th century, notably since 1881, the year of the convention of the First International Electrotechnical Congress and Exhibition in Paris, a gathering that defined basic electrotechnical units. Greater accent on the development of electrical engineering (and informatics) came at the time of the two World Wars, when—after WWI—all the major countries in the world had started building their national grids which were consequently interconnected primarily for technical and economic reasons. The period after WWII saw the emergence of cybernetics, electronics, electrical engineering and electronic miniaturization and informatics, disciplines fully dependent on a well-functioning and well-proportioned (and in most cases already internationally intertwined) electrification system.

Czechoslovakian Electrotechnical Union base of the Czechoslovak power network between the two world wars

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Elektrifikace realizovaná v Československu v letech 1919–1939 podle zákona číslo 438/1919 Sb. z. a n. se stala jedním z významných technických symbolů budování moderního samostatného státu a jeho demokratické společnosti. Elektrizace byla postavena na zkušenostech, invenci a vzdělání elektrotechnické elity, která k tomuto úkolu přistoupila plně zformovaná a výborně zorganizovaná jak spolkově, odborně-vědecky, tak výrobně a nepracovala na „zelené louce“.

Manifestations of electromobility in the Czech lands

Economic History and Business History in French Historiography

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Since 1929 French historiography has been influenced by the Annales School (École des Annales). Both the founders and the first generation (1929–1945) Annales are considered by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. Its leading lights at that time drew their inspiration from Auguste Comte’s positivist philosophy and proceeded in a way different from the so‑called methodic school that had affected the historical branches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Until 1945, the Annales School represented of edge branch of French historiography. After 1945, her leaders came to the top positions in universities (and especially in Paris) and began to point the whole of French historiography. It was only then that they became a real school. It was the Annales that had changed approach to history. Its achievements were based on its more global view of the historical issues under review and especially on its efforts to foster cooperation and links among interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary institutes (among historians, sociologists, economists, mathematicians, geographers, anthropologists, psy‑ chologists, etymologists, statisticians, demographers, climatologists etc.).

STANDARDIZATION AND REGULATION OF THE ELECTROTECHNICAL BRANCHES IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA (1919-1939)

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc., doc. Ing. Jan Mikeš, Ph.D., Nikel, Z.
  • Publication: Proceedings: 22nd EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference – Digitalisation: Challenge and Opportunity for Standardisation. Aachen: Druck und Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH, 2017. p. H3-H20. ISBN 978-3-95886-172-5.
  • Year: 2017
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The Czech (Czechoslovak) technical standardization was institutionalized soon after the disintegration of Austro-Hungary and after the establishment of its successor states, i.e. independent Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1918. The first Czechoslovak standardization institution was founded on December 28, 1922 as the Czechoslovak Standardization Society (Czech acronym ČSN). Enjoying the status of a generally beneficial, non-profit organization, the Society was made up of manufacturing plants, professional unions, commercial organizations, universities etc. Members paid membership fees and participated in the institution’s activities according to their interest and at their own costs. Draft technical standards were drawn up by experts from industrial plants, research institutes, universities etc. The International Association of Standardization Organizations (ISA) was established in Prague six years later, in 1928, initiated by Czech professor Vladimír List (1877-1971) within a group of European technicians. In the years 1932-1934 Vladimír List also served as the ISA President, a post that was accorded to him not only in recognition of his technical achievements and erudition; it also had a great impact on the development of Czechoslovak standardization in general and in the electrical engineering sector in particular.

TESTIMONY. ANDRÉ GRELON, HIS CZECH EXPERIENCES AND AN INSPIRED CASE-STUDY: THE ELECTROTECHNICIANS FRANTIŠEK KŘIŽIK ET VLADIMIR LIST

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The paper deals with international cooperation in the field of history of technology between the Czech Technical University (Prague), EHESS (Paris) and the Centre français en recherche des sciences sociales in Prague, and several major French institutions (CNRS, CNAM, MSH etc.), as it has developed during the last twenty years. It shows the possibilities of such professional cooperation in the history of technology and their results, and analyses the contribution of André Grelon to this area. Furthermore, the author analyses two examples (František Křižík and Vladimír List) of Czech professional practical and scientific cooperation with France in the field of electrical engineering during the last three decades of the 19th century and between the two World Wars. The author analyses the participation of Křižík, electrical entrepreneur, in the Exposition Universelle de 1878 in Paris and his subsequent adjustment of differential controller of time of luminous intensity for arc lamp. Thanks to the French experience, the construction electrician List became the organizer of professional electrical life in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars, participating in the creation of the Czechoslovak Electrotechnical Association (ESČ), in a successful electrification of the country and cooperating efficiently with French experts, such as Ernest Mercier, in institutions such as the Société française d’électricité (SFE), CIGRE and UNIPEDE. The text shows the benefits of scientific and practical cooperation at international level. In this context, the author highlights the contribution of scientific and organizational work of André Grelon to Czech history of technology.

The phenomenon of public lighting - The beginnings of electric lighting in the Czech lands

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The article focuses on the development of illumination in the Czech lands. The authors begin with primitive luminous lighting, further they develop the history of gas lighting, especially in larger industrialized cities. The main attention is paid to the comparison of electric lighting in the Czech lands and in Europe, with the emphasis on the contribution of one of the first Czech electrical technicians, František Křižík and the application of his differential arc lamp controller.

160th Anniversary of the Siemens Double-T Anchor in Dynamo-electric Machines

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    160th Anniversary of the Siemens Double-T Anchor in Dynamo-electric Machines. During the 1870s and 1880s electrotechnology grew to be a major component of the industrialization processes in the second stage of the industrial revolution. As an independent scientific discipline it proved to be one of the first branches that established their own industry independent of traditions. The electrotechnological industry began to influence other manufacturing branches and, retroactively, its own research as well. New developments emerged primarily thanks to the simple and reliable electric rotating (dynamo-electric) machines that offered multiple applications and which grew to be competitors to the universal driving steam engines. Initially, the new machines were developed solely as sources of lighting.

A Chemical Compound that Changed the Face of the War

  • Authors: Cabal, J., prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Věda a technika v českých zemích v období první světové války. Praha 7: Národní technické muzeum v Praze, 2016. p. 9-26. Práce z dějin techniky a přírodních věd. vol. 45. ISBN 978-80-7037-264-7.
  • Year: 2016
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The first intentional use of chemical weapons is inseparably connected with the trenches of the First World War, and yperite is the most often mentioned substance; its name was derived from the Belgian town of Ypres where it was used for the first time in 1917. But this was not the only chemical agent the troops in the first lines had to face. This study is focused on the use of another compound on the battlefields of WWI – phosgene. The authors are also concerned with the formation, properties and effects of this compound. The main peaceful uses of phosgene are not omitted either. The ways are also discussed of spreading toxic compounds (not only of phosgene) in the enemy’s territory, aimed at reaching the intended effects. Finally, the development and control of the use of this compound in the Czech Republic are mentioned.

Ecomuseums in the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia - we unite the past and the future

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    In June 2016, the General Assembly of ICOM (International Council of Museums) in its meeting in Milan proposes to reflect on the theme "Museums and cultural landscapes" in the framework of the Sienna Charter. Involving museums in the management and maintenance of the cultural landscape means developing their natural vocation, by extending their responsibilities from collections to heritage and territory.

International regulations - contribution of Czechoslovakia to electrical engineering standardization in Europe. The cooperation of Vladimír List and Ernest Mercier and its importance for the

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Electric Worlds / Mondes électriques Creations, Circulations, Tensions, Transitions (19th-21st C.). Brussels: P.I.E. - Peter Lang SA Éditions Scientifiques Internationales, 2016. p. 149-174. History of Energy. vol. 8. ISSN 2033-7469. ISBN 978-2-87574-330-5.
  • Year: 2016
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Electrification in Czechoslovakia (1919 Act No. 438) proceeded hand in hand with the inevitable standardization in this branch. A major role in interconnecting the two processes was played by Vladimír List and Ernest Mercier who often encountered at international meetings of electro technicians (for instance those held by the Société française d’électricité) and who actually shared similar opinions of the commercial and industrial activities in the electrical engineering sector, and primarily of electrification itself. Thanks to the French model and assistance, the period between 1919 and 1939 saw the emergence of a technologically and economically well-functioning electrification structure in Czechoslovakia, which later proved to be the backbone of an interconnected grid for the member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance also known as COMECON. Ideas envisioning interconnection of the energy systems also in the member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, similar to the system existing in the Western countries within the Union for the Coordination of Production and Transmission of Electricity (UCPTE), began to emerge in the 1950s. Such an interconnection between neighboring countries commenced in the years 1951–1953, namely between Slovakia and Hungary, to be followed by interlinking Bohemia, Poland and the German Democratic Republic (former East Germany). Parallel operation of the energy systems of Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary and Poland got under way in 1961. Austria also joined in and the Prague-based Central Dispatch Organization MIR was established in 1962. This system operated until the early 1990s.

The evolution of the formation and the rise of the Czech electrotechnicians from 1884 to 1950.

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Des ingénieurs pour un monde nouveau – Histoire des enseignements électrotechniques (Europe, Amériques) – XIXe–XXe siècle. Brussels: P.I.E. - Peter Lang SA Éditions Scientifiques Internationales, 2016. p. 103-127. vol. 1. ISBN 978-2-87574-246-9.
  • Year: 2016
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Article describes the introduction of electrotechnology into German-language and Czech-language university courses in Prague, and in technical institutions of higher education in the city. In formal terms, electrotechnology was initially introduced into mechanical engineering departments – in practice, this was one of the conventional forms of organization at the time, as was the inclusion of electrotechnology as a branch of physics, as will be seen in the chapters describing the origins of this educational discipline in other countries. As everywhere, the scope of innovations, and the increasingly important role of electricity in industry and the national economy, resulted in the progressive independence of electrotechnology as an academic discipline, with its own departments and institutes, and an increasingly diverse range of courses. The role of Vladimír List, an eminent electrical engineer, is specifically highlighted as an indefatigable promoter of this educational development: he went on to be one of the initiators of legislation for the organization of national electrification.

The share of French capital in Czechoslovak electrotechnical societies during the period between the two wars and the beginning of the Cold War

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc., doc. Ing. Jan Mikeš, Ph.D.,
  • Publication: Electric Worlds / Mondes électriques Creations, Circulations, Tensions, Transitions (19th-21st C.). Brussels: P.I.E. - Peter Lang SA Éditions Scientifiques Internationales, 2016. p. 181-200. History of Energy. vol. 8. ISSN 2033-7469. ISBN 978-2-87574-330-5.
  • Year: 2016
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    After the First World War Czechoslovakia was established as a state of Czechs and Slovaks, but – in actual fact – it was a multinational state, from its early days weighed down by nationalist problems, which shaped the formation of the Czechoslovak economy. In economic terms, Czechoslovakia was the strongest successor state of Austro-Hungary with 21% of the territory of the former monarchy (140,000 square kms), with 25% of its inhabitants (13.6 million), and with 70% of the entire industrial production of the erstwhile monarchy. In other respects, the country ranked among smaller Central European states. The capacity of its market accounted for roughly one third of that of the former monarchy. Industrial production, formerly focused on the markets of the entire monarchy, now faced keen competition. Czechoslovakia was poor in raw materials, which had to be imported. That was why the country had to seek new markets for its products. Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Czechoslovakia was politically oriented on France, economically on the successor states of Austro-Hungary, and – starting in 1921 – on the countries of the Little Entente (Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia), and in some areas also on Russia and Greece. Proceeding from this basis, the study is aimed at highlighting cooperation between the company Schneider Cie Creusot with the Czech company Škoda Plzeň (and in connection with Živnobanka bank), laying accent on electrical engineering production, both in the interwar period and at the times of communist rule in Czechoslovakia when foreign companies were forced to terminate their business and leave the country without any financial compensation.

DISTURBANCE CAUSED BY PENETRATION SURGE IN INTERIOR INSTALLATIONS OF BUILDINGS

  • DOI: 10.1049/ic.2015.0194
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.1049/ic.2015.0194
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Developments in the electronics industry and the growing availability of appliances, equipped with electronic components, are two factors contributing annually to the mounting interference risk and surge damages resulting from direct or indirect effect of atmospheric discharges into conductive structures of building. The authors of this study focused on electromagnetic models of buildings that can be verified for specific external (basic) ways to protect buildings through an air termination system (lightning conductor), down conductors (both usually metallic, hence high-voltage cables). The protection system cannot be checked only by a design controlling according to the applicable standards IEC 62305, but on the basis of numerical calculation as well, which definitely provides more accurate and comprehensive results. These make it possible to get an immediate overview of the risks that may occur in buildings. This method is presented in this study. The authors carried out a comparison of the effects of new commercially available construction materials (Polyvinyl chloride – PVC, Polyethylene – PE) materials, which have been found in many architectural and building designs recently. As a reference parameter, the authors monitored separation distance /s/ for each construction material.

Technical schools and other educational and scientific institutions

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Hospodářský vzestup českých zemí od poloviny 18. století do konce monacrhie. Praha: Karolinum, 2015. p. 84-108. vol. 1. ISBN 978-80-246-2945-2.
  • Year: 2015

The Technical and Economic Assessment of the Lightning Rod Symmetrization Effect on Overvoltage in Narrow Structures

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The authors of the article accentuate the significance of symmetrical placement of lightning conductors on the position of lightning current in them. The aim of the article is to prove the instructions described in the standard IEC 62305 and confirm the conclusion that buildings should be protected not only by a lightning rod but also by lightning conductors that constitute an irreplaceable component of a comprehensive protection system. If lightning rod influences the safe placement of lightning discharge above a building, then individual lightning conductor determines its safe grounding. Lightning conductors have a major impact on the induction of lightning current in structures. Unfortunately, many buildings whose height is much bigger than their width (towers, lookout towers, high-rise buildings, factory tacks) contain only one lightning conductor, which does not ensure their protection. The authors prove this fact on examples of protection of structures such as lookout towers and wind power plants.

A new stage of scientific and organizational work in the field of economic and social history.

Eyes flashed like a shot, without steam, smokeless, seeing its target

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Pivo, zbraně i tvarůžky. Podnikatelé meziválečného Československa ve víru konjunktur a krizí.. Praha: Maxdorf, s.r.o., 2014. p. 86-107. ISBN 978-80-7345-422-7.
  • Year: 2014
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    This article analyzes the life and work of entrepreneur Josef Sousedík from Vsetin. He was the creator of the electrical field in its region in the period between the wars, created a number of patents and he contributed also to the modern means of communication -elektromobils and fast train cars with an aerodynamic pattern for long trips (Slovak Shot, Blue Arrow et al.).

Influence of the wall material of the lightning protected object size induced surges

  • DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2014.6973432
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2014.6973432
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The authors verify the separation distance coefficient /s/ setting of the distance according to the International standards IEC 62305, ed. 2, based on mathematical modeling. The coefficient of the separation distance is established in standards according to the empirical relationships. The authors wants to point out the possibility of more precise verification provided by real model experiments on building materials that are commonly used worldwide. For this purpose, mathematical models were carried out in collaboration with the Czech Technical University in Prague and the company DEHN + SÖHNE and compiled several artificial wall materials (air, concrete, PE and PVC). Behind them, object wiring (installation loop) was adjusted. In front of the wall, down-conductor was established. The assembly was tested by current impulse of 10/350 s; 0.25/100 s; 1/200 s. The result is a set of adjustments that could be accepted by the international standardization committees for the revision of the standards IEC 62305 and the national standards STN 34 1398 and NF C 17-102.

Development of lightning rod for lightning protection standard in Europe, especially in Czech lands

  • DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2012.12.016
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2012.12.016
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The article offers not only a comparison of the efficiency and size of the protective zone of the first lightning rod by means of a computer model and contemporary mathematical and computing methods (method of the rolling sphere and the apex angle method), but it also highlights the unique social milieu in which Diviš developed his initial idea. It was an interplay of dogmatic religious scholastics and rational enlightenment in physics and natural sciences that was eventually conducive to the construction of one of the first devices for the protection against direct lightning impact. In their article, the authors also examine the transfer of knowledge on the protection against lightning impact from and to the Czech lands. A key approach to the protection against lightning was correct understanding and assessment of lightning charge, an analysis of the contact tip phenomenon and many issues relating to electrostatic phenomena. Seen in a historical perspective, the Czech lands had established an efficient platform of scientific centres, which linked up to and developed the pioneering work of Prokop Diviš several decades later. Also in terms of standardization, the Czech Republic has been active on a long-term basis, while espousing the European standards with its own ČSN EN 62 305 standard. In many other respects, this country has been loyal to traditions; after all, the very first decree on the protection of gunpowder depots against lightning in the Habsburg monarchy came from Empress Maria Theresa and was published shortly after 1778. The lightning protection standard, issued by the Czechoslovak Electrical Engineering Union in the 1950s, had introduced a fundamentally new concept that served for the implementation of most protective systems in this branch until 2006.

Interest in electromobility in Czech society

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The article characterizes the development of electromobility of Czech society from the start of the 19th century until 1945. It attempts to cover the importance of electromobility for Czech industrial and social practice by presenting the three main electric technology entrepreneurs (Křižík, Kolben and Sousedík), all of whom were terribly interested in electromobility, developed the idea and brought it to life.

The historic equipment of this power plant in Čachrov serves to guests in his native home in Planice

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The article referrs about the newly restored machines of the small hydropower plants on the river of Ostruzna in Čachrov in the birthplace of the prominent Czech electrician Frantisek Krizik.

THE IMPACT OF ACTIVE CONDUCTORS ON CZECH AND HUNGARIAN LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEGISLATION

  • DOI: 10.14311/1837
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.14311/1837
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    This paper summarizes the developmental conditions for the emergence of protection against lightning. It reviews the legislation especially in the Czech Republic over the last 15 years, and its application for active lightning conductors. The paper presents examples of the damage caused by lightning strikes on buildings protected by ESE lightning rods constructed using the French national standard NFC 17-102 [1] and STN 34 1391 [2]. Installation of lightning conductors based on these standards is not, however, in accordance with the valid legislation in the Czech Republic and Hungary. In response to a growing number of ESE installations in the Czech Republic, it is vital to inform both the broader professional publc and the lay public of cases involving failures of this type of lightning conductor.

Work, diligence and common sense – the basis of success of ČKD

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The history of ČKD is rather colourful arising from the development of individual smaller engineering enterprises established gradually on the territory of the Czech lands and developing as part of industrialisation into bigger factories. ČKD was created on the basis of a double merger in 1921 and 1927 when one of the biggest production units of the First Czechoslovak Republic emerged. This stood at the birth of the world famous Made in Czechoslovakia brand.

Czechoslovakia's Iron Gold - Českomoravská-Kolben Daněk

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Before World War I, Austro-Hungary was a state that covered a vast territory, comprised many nationalities and inhabitants and was, to a large extent, economically independent. For its part, the newly established Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, a successor state to Austro-Hungary, faced completely different conditions. Yet, almost three quarters of the former monarchy's industries remained in its territory, primarily in the Czech lands. That is why in the years 1918-1938 Czechoslovakia focused on the manufacture and export of goods, but had to import raw materials. The country had to seek new markets and cope with foreign competitors. It was far from easy to win recognition for a new unknown brand Made in Czechoslovakia. And yet, the country succeeded thanks to the quality of its products made by such emerging companies as the complex of Baťa plants in Zlín, the Škoda companies in Pilsen and Českomoravská-Kolben Daněk (Bohemian-Moravian-Kolben-Daněk or ČKD for short) in Prague, companies known all over Europe and throughout the world. As early as in 1898 the architect of the ČKD complex was Emil Kolben (1862-1943), who had just returned from a study visit to Edison in the United States and from Oerlikon in Switzerland. This man figured not only among outstanding theoreticians and experts in heavy-current electrical engineering but was an accomplished manager in his time. The ČKD brand products soon went beyond the local framework of the Czechoslovak Republic, representing the designation Made in Czechoslovakia all over the world throughout the period between the two world wars. During the totalitarian regimes in the country, Kolben´s name, possibly also due to its Jewish origin, was destined to be forgotten forever, but the current Czech Republic has linked up to and been developing his unappreciated entrepreneurial heritage.

Vladimír List and his Collaboration with French Electrical Engineers

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Vladimír List - žil jsem pro elektrotechniku. Praha: ARTEDIT, 2012. p. 125-142. Práce z dějin techniky a přírodních věd - svazek 30. vol. 1. ISBN 978-80-7037-215-9.
  • Year: 2012
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The paper portrays a long-term and fruitful collaboration of Vladimír List (1877-1971), one of the most distinguished electrical engineers of the First Czechoslovak Republic, with French professionals: Ernest Mercier (1878-1955) in the first place, who was List's French counterpart. The narrow collaboration was continuation of the former Czech-French social, cultural, and trade bonds, established in the course of the 19th century, and of the French political support to the newly created Czechoslovakia after 1919 and 1920 (after the signature of the Versailles Treaties). In the interwar period, these bonds made it possible for France and Czechoslovakia to interconnect their common technical interests, academic and school environments, as well as industrial and trade activities. This manifested itself in the field of electrical engineering in the following ways: the Czechoslovak students had a possibility of extending both their secondary and college education in France; the two professional societies - the Czechoslovak Electrotechnical Union (Elektrotechnický svaz československý, ESČ) and the French l´Union d´électricité (UDE) - collaborated in implementation of electrification. The paper gives an account of List's and Mercier's creativities in solving technical and practical problems. Through List and Mercier, new scientific and technical information was directly transmitted from France to the industrial electrotechnical practice of the First Czechoslovak Republic. From the 1920s, both these professionals participated significantly in establishment of international electrotechnical collaboration, which resulted in formation of the International Standards Association (ISA) and two international organizations for production and distribution of electrical energy, namely Conférence Internationale des Grands Réseaux Electriques ŕ Haute Tension (CIGRE) and Union International des Producteurs et Distributeurs d´Energie Electrique (

Nuclear Energy in Czechoslovakia. An Outline and Description of Its Development Trends.

  • DOI: 10.3917/ahe.009.0059
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.3917/ahe.009.0059
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Article deals with historical development of Nuclear Energy in Czechoslovakia. It describes uranium mining, analyzes the development of the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering CTU in Prague and the Institute for Nuclear Research in Rež. It also deals with decisions about the construction of nuclear power plants in Jaslovske Bohunice, Mochovce and Temelin. Contribution characterizes the approach of Czechoslovakia forming the world's nuclear power industry since 1945.

Twenty-four kilometers to the future: electrified runway Tábor-Bechyně of 1903

  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    Contribution deals with the first electrified runway Tabor Bechyne-built in 1903 in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the Czech lands by František Křižík. Article describes professional advancement Czech engineers in solving this electrified runway, which works to the present.

The electrification of Czechoslovakia and hydropowerplant on Elbe 1918-1938

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Le patrimoine industriel de l´électricité et de l´hydroélectricité. Collection Patrimoines. Actes du colloque international de Divonne-les-Bains et de Geneve. Paris: Université Paris V, 2010, pp. 61-73. ISSN 1214-4029. ISBN 978-2-915797-59-6.
  • Year: 2010
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    The electrification of Czechoslovakia and hydropowerplant on the river Elbe 1918-1938, using of electrification in Czechoslovakia, building of power plants, power networks and they´s aplication

Czech Lands in the years 1848 - 1918. Vol. 1

Development of education and scientific work of Czech electrical experts and their application in the world in 1918-19

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Les enjeux identitaires des ingénieurs : entre la formation et l´action. Evora: CIDEHUS, 2009. p. 513-523. ISBN 978-972-772-879-4.
  • Year: 2009

SPASEI

Bridges of Prague

Conference of history of technic

CTU and exames

Economic development of the Czech countries during 1848-1992.

Electrical Engineering, Its Terminology and Its Reflection In Czech Literature

František Křižík, your live and elktrotechnicens studies

Galery de Rudolf II

Hammer and ground stein in CVUT

History of electrotechnics in Czech countries

CTU and exams

Czech Lands in Pictures from Prehistoric Era to Current Period

Elektrifikace Československa 1918-1938 a vodní díla na Labi

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Vodní dílo v krajině. Konference na lodi - Mezioborová hlediska vývoje technických odvětví a průmyslové architektury na území České republiky se zřetelem k jejich typologii. Praha: ČVUT v Praze, 2006. p. 84-97. ISBN 80-01-03510-7.
  • Year: 2006

History of the German Polytechnic in Prague (1863-1945)

Restoration of the Bethlehem Chapel

Scientific and Technical Relations between Czechoslovakia and Nancy University (1918-1938)

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Un siecle de formation des ingénieurs életriciens. Ancrage local et dynamique européenne, l´exemple de Nancy. Lille: Ecole Nationale Supérieure ď Arts et Métiers, 2006. p. 337-357. ISBN 2-7351-1085-0.
  • Year: 2006

Technical education and scientifics institutions in czech lands

The Formation of Technicians in Czech and in France in years 1918 - 1938: An Example of Frantisek Brabec

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Technical and Economic Frame of Development in Czech Lands and Czechoslovakia from the 2nd Half of the 19th Century to 1938

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Stavební kniha 2005, Meziválečná průmyslová architektura. Brno: EXPO DATA, 2005. p. 70-74. ISBN 80-7293-137-7.
  • Year: 2005

Track of Lightbulb through History - Crocks of Light of Forgotten Primacy

Czech Polytechnics

Czechoslovak Electrical Technology in Intrawar Context

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Pocta profesoru Zdeňku Jindrovi k 70. narozeninám. Praha: Karolinum, 2004. p. 167-178. ISBN 80-246-0511-2.
  • Year: 2004

Elektronaute

International conference Josef Hlavka

Laurin and Klement

Professionalization of Elite Electrical Engineers

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Wirtschaftsnationalismus als Entwicklungsstrategie ostmitteleuropaeischer Eliten. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004. p. 156-182. ISBN 3-8305-0853-0.
  • Year: 2004

Technical Journals and their Influence to Engineering Education

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: La formation des ingénieurs en perspectives. Rennes: Université des Rennes 2., 2004. p. 95-103. ISBN 2-86847-996-0.
  • Year: 2004

Tomas Bata

Czech Lands 1848-1918

Czech Professors of Electrical Engineering Abroad

Development of electric lighting

Electronauts at CTU in Prague

Gass Lighting in Czech Lands

History of IEEE and 10th Anniversary of Czech IEEE Section Foundation

History of IEEE and 10th Anniversary of Czech IEEE Section Foundation

Technical Education in Czech Lands

To Production of Vacuum Tubes in Czech Lands

Czech Students in Alsace-Lorraine between World Wars

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Sborník statí katedry ekonomiky, manažerství a humanitních věd 2002. Praha: A plus, 2002. p. 147-153. ISBN 80-902514-5-5.
  • Year: 2002

Czech Technical University-Almanach prof. and prof. ass

Elen

HUmanitas et techne II

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc., Savický, N.
  • Publication: Humanitas et techné II. Praha: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta stavební, 2002. p. 331-341. ISBN 80-01-02488-1.
  • Year: 2002

Josef Reznicek

Development of Technical Education in Czech Lands

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: ČVUT - Fakulta elektrotechnická. Historie, současnost, perspektivy. Almanach absolventů fakulty 1918-2001. Praha: LIBRI, 2001. p. 11-55. ISBN 80-7277-082-9.
  • Year: 2001

Faculty of electoingeneering - 50 anniversary

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Celebrates 50 years Anniversary

Historiography of science and engineering in Czechland and international cooperation

K 301 - Department of Mathematics

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: ČVUT - Fakulta elektrotechnická. Historie, současnost, perspektivy. Almanach absolventů fakulty 1918-2001. Praha: LIBRI, 2001. p. 55-57. ISBN 80-7277-082-9.
  • Year: 2001

Most Important Professor of VUT Brno

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: 20 let Ústavu mikroelektroniky FEI VUT Brno. Brno: VUT v Brně, FEI, Ústav mikroelektroniky, 2001, pp. 55-59. ISBN 80-214-1781-1.
  • Year: 2001

Overview to evolution of history of science and engineering

Pierre de Fermat

Technical Education in Czech Area in second half of 19th century and first half of 20th century

Electrotechnicien between 1918-1939

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Elektroenergetika 2000. Praha: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, 2000, pp. 153-157. ISBN 80-01-02238-2.
  • Year: 2000

Elity of electrotechnic

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Prague Economic and Social History Papers. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 2000, pp. 171-183. ISBN 80-85899-63-9.
  • Year: 2000

Matter of interest of Prague lighting

Personality of science

Personality of science

Personality of science

Czech Technical Education

History of Electrotechnology in Czech lands /1850-1945/

Czech Technical Education, Educational Reform of Franz Joseph Gerstner and his Relationship with The Paris l'Ecole polytechnique

History of czech lands 1848-1918

Personalities of Czech electrotechnology

Persons of energetics - Josef Sousedik

Persons of energetics - Vaclav Prokop Divis

History of the Czech Technical University in Prague 1707 - 1997

Personality if Electrisity - J. Osolsobě

Personality of Electricity - J. V. Gintl

Personality of Electricity - K. Vaňouček

Personality of Eletricity - V. Trkal

Vladimír List and Education of Eletricity in Czech Lands

  • Authors: prof. PhDr. Marcela Efmertová, CSc.,
  • Publication: Lá naissauce de l'ingenieur-électricien: Origines et développement des formations nationales électrotechniques. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997, pp. 403-418. ISBN 2-905821-17-5.
  • Year: 1997

Jaroslav Šafránek and His Television

Josif Plečnik - architecture for new democracy

Personality of Energetics - František Brabec

Personality of Energetics - Karel Domalíp

Personality of Energetics - Karel Vaňouček

Personality of Energetics - Zdeněk Trnka

Czech Country 1848 - 1918

Emil Navrátil. Personality of Energetics

František Křižík. Personality of Energetics

Josef Stránský. Personality of Energetics

Karel Novák. Personality of Energetics

Personality of Energetics

Relation of the History of Sociology and Ekonomy to the History of Technology in the University of Technology

Václav Běšínský. Personality of Energetics

Vladimír List. Personality of Energetics

August Žáček. Personality of Energetics

Emil rytíř Škoda. Personality of Energetics

F. A. Petřina. Personality of Energetics

Josef Hak. Personality of Energetics

Josef Sumec. Personality of Energetics

K. V. E. Zenger. Personality of Energetics

Nikola Tesla. Personality of Energetics

Czech Physicist Jaroslav Šafránek and His Television

  • DOI: 10.1177/030631292022002006
  • Link: https://doi.org/10.1177/030631292022002006
  • Department: Department of Economics, Management and Humanities
  • Annotation:
    This paper is devoted to the personality, scientific and social activities of Jaroslav Šafránek (1890-1957), a Czechoslovak professor of experimental physics who, in the second half of the 1930s, designed a system for the transmission of visual images by low-line mechanical television, which made the production of an authentic spatial impression of the picture, transmitted on the screen, possible. Although experts and the general public acclaimed this invention, the innovation failed to find practical application in Czechoslovakia at that time. That one of the most interesting innovations in television could not be implemented was due to the prevailing red tape in state authorities, internal political quarrels, the political situation prior to World War II, and subsequent postwar developments.

Křižík's Electric Tramway Tábor to Bechyně

Responsible person Ing. Mgr. Radovan Suk