Ing. Tomáš Haubert, Ph.D.

This paper presents a system for automated driving cycle simulation and mea- surement for electric vehicles. The system is a part of a laboratory located in VTP Roztoky and is used for electric vehicle powertrain testing. The main part of the control system is dSpace DS1103.

Testing of electric vehicle drives in real traffic conditions is relatively expensive and complicated task. Therefore new laboratory methods, enabling testing and special parameters of electric drives measurement “like in real traffic” are in the looking for. One of most effective methods is based on HIL (Hardware In the Loop) which represents combination of simulation methods and measurements on real drive in the laboratory conditions. For this purposes testing laboratory at Scientific Park VTP Roztoky has been adapted. Laboratory enables automated experiments, provided on the electric drives completed system.

The article discusses design of mathematical model buck and boost converter and the analysis of the optimal frequency choice of the PWM signal for IGBT. The converter is dedicated for charging and discharging of hybrid car drive super-capacitor energy storage. The main role of the converter is to optimize energy content in super-capacitor storage used to acceleration and deceleration during driving period. Mathematical model of the system in MATLAB/Simulink and converter prototype with Freescale Digital Signal Processor 56F8257 were designed. Comparing of simulation results and results measured on the prototype are discussed on the end of the article.

Minimizing of energy consumption is important task which is solved at all vehicles. In the case of electric vehicles (EV), energy stored on board in chemical accumulators must be used very effectively. For this purposes mathematical model of EV and real journey data used for energy consumption calculation must be used. On the basis of journey regime optimization lower energy consumption can be achieved. Optimal journey regime is calculated from the demanded travelling time by means of known road data, obtained by means of GPS and GSM navigation system with the aim to travel with minimum fuel consumption. From the road horizontal and vertical data basic route elements are calculated. Basic route elements are compared with needed torque, generated by driver’s pedal. All this information's are processed, optimized and needed mechanical torque is transmitted to the control unit of electric drive.

System main application area of the system is in automotive techniques based on progressive electric (ED) and hybrid drive (HD) technology. Therefore one of the special laboratories is equipped for electric and hybrid-electric drives measurements. For this purposes laboratory is equipped by electric power supplies and by dynamometric testing bench, which enable complex electric drives parameters measurement. Main topic of this article is to inform about architecture of this laboratory.

This paper presents the using of dSpace DS1103 for the electric vehicle power consumption modeling. The dSpace platform is used as a simulator of electric vehicle in laboratory and it is used for HIL (Hardware In the Loop) tests. The DS1103 board is included in the AutoBox with Ethernet communication interface and Autoboot option is available using Compact Flash card. The complete mathematical model of electric vehicle is loaded in DS1103 board.

In the year 2012 the new SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK in Roztoky town has been founded. The place is situated near Prague. Main field of research works is focused onto the automotive techniques based on classical internal combustion engines (ICE) and progressive electric (ED) and hybrid drive (HD) technology. One of the special laboratories is focused for electric and hybrid-electric drives measurement. For this purposes laboratory is equipped by needed electric power supplies and by dynamometric testing bench, which enable: Automated dynamometric measurement of electric machines torque characteristics up to 6000 rev./min. (direct coupling) and up to 12 000 rev./min.(coupling over reduction gearbox); Automated data logging and plotting; Testing of advanced electric energy storages for EV applications (chemical accumulators, super-capacitors of hydrogen fuel cell convertors); Energy recuperation to the power mains.

This article deals with a dynamic model of the electric vehicle. The model is created in the MATLAB/Simulink and respects electric drive efficiency, traction battery charging/discharging efficiency and limited battery capacity. The model is prepared for uploading into the dSpace DS1103 development hardware and it creates at the same time the real-time system for modelling the electric vehicle dynamics. This system will allow connection with the 80 kW dynamometer for the real energy flow in the electric vehicle. This system will be a part of a complex system for the electric vehicle optimal control.

This paper presents the using of dSpace DS1103 for the electric vehicle power consumption modeling. The dSpace platform is used as a simulator of electric vehicle in laboratory and it is used for HIL (Hardware In the Loop) tests. The DS1103 board is included in the AutoBox with Ethernet communication interface and Autoboot option is available using Compact Flash card. The complete mathematical model of electric vehicle is loaded in DS1103 board.

The main aim of the project was to create an automated system for measuring basic characteristics of electric machines. This system consists of Ward-Leonard drive system, designed control with torque and speed feedback with possible communication with PC via local connection or network. The Ward-Leonard drive system consists of two independent parts. The first part is a dynamometer represented by a separately excited DC motor, on which the measuring itsel f is held and the second part is motor-generator set. Last mentioned machine set consists of a separately excited DC generator and induction motor which are constructed vertically above each other.

Design and development of the automated measurement system PXI National Instruments. Development of software for measurement and evaluation of measured data and calculation of parameters for IM equivalent circuit.

The article discusses problem of energy flow in serial hybrid propulsion system with super-capacitor energy storage with respect to robust control and stabile behaviour of all the drive. The simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink of serial hybrid vehicle with super-capacitor is presented. Theoretical results are experimentally verified of physical model.

Recently are vehicles with a combination of combustion engine and electric motor beginning to expand more and more. Therefore the motor efficiency starts to be an important factor from the point of view of energy consumed from the batteries. Since the efficiency of the motor depends on its working conditions (flux, torque, speed) it is needed to take these variables into account when designing the controller. This paper deals with the possibilities of analytical calculation of IM efficiency based on the measured equivalent circuit parameters.

The article discusses design of mathematical model of the buck and boost converter from the point of optimal frequency of PWM signal for IGBT control. The converter is dedicated for charging and discharging of hybrid car drive super-capacitor energy storage. The main role of the converter is to optimize energy content in super-capacitor storage used for vehicle acceleration and deceleration. Mathematical model in MATLAB/Simulink has been designed and converter prototype built with Freescale Digital Signal Processor 56F8257. In the end of the article simulated and measured results on the convertor specimen are discussed.

The matrix converter is a very popular topic because of its advantages in comparison with the indirect frequency converter [1]. The modulation strategy and control algorithm used are very important parts of the converter’s controller. Recently modulation strategies based on a virtual DC-link space vector modulation are used, which works as a dependency injection [2]. That is why different approaches can be used to control both the output voltage and the input current at the same time. In this paper phase control of the input current in combination with a machine’s torque fuzzy controller is presented. This enables us to overcome the traditional limitations of the output voltage without resigning from the input current control.

This paper presents the using of dSpace DS1103 for the electric vehicle power consumption modeling. The dSpace is a part of control system where the main controller is an embedded module G400-D from the GHI Electronics company. The G400-D module communicates with a GPS receiver used for the actual point on the known track showing.

The aim of the article is design of DC/DC converter and discussing a problematic of supply by electric power splitter (EPS). EPS with AC/DC converter is source for the DC/DC converter, which is dedicated for charging and discharging of hybrid car drive super-capacitor energy storage. EPS is synchronous machine with two rotating parts. First rotor contains permanent magnets and the second rotor contains three-phase windings. The amplitude and frequency of output voltage depends on difference between first and second rotor speed. EPS is a part of experimental stand of hybrid drive. This experimental stand simulates a real drive for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with super-capacitor for energy storage. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is the main and only power source of the vehicle that produces the mechanical power. The drive shaft of ICE is coupled to the first rotor of EPS. Produces mechanical power firm ICE by using EPS is divided into electrical and mechanical power. On the shaft of EPS second rotor is connected traction motor (TM). TM represents the main electrical propulsion to the vehicle.

The paper deals with torque and current transient effects generated by asynchronous motor during changeover between frequency converter and power network supplying. Theoretical analyses, computer simulations and experimental verifications of current transients during switching operations under different boundary conditions are presented. At last changeover optimal conditions are defined.

This paper deals with actual topic of electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles. In the both types are used semiconductor power converters for dynamic storage of energy (e.g. from breaking). It is needed to design effective and robust control alghoritms. The main task of this paper is to present one of the possibilities of power converter design.

This article dicusses a design of simple communication network based on CAN-bus. This bus is used in modern automobiles and industrial. It is used a different length of communication medium and a different communication speed. It is measured a time response of sending message and receiving answer.

This article discusses a particular design of CAN bus for the control of experimental stand of hybrid drives. In order to design the CAN bus, it is necessary know the dynamic; measurement and control signals. The experimental stand simulates the drive in hybrid vehicles. The main part of this hybrid drive is an electric power splitter (EPS), which divides the input of mechanical energy from internal combustion engine (ICE) into the first output mechanical energy for car wheel and the second electric energy supplies the DC bus. The experimental stand includes a supercapacitor for storage of electrical energy and a traction motor for the drive wheel car.