Ing. Jiří Beranovský, Ph.D., MBA

The case study works with a typical representative of low-energy family house (with its parameters close to the passive standard) on which different types of heating and hot water preparation are discussed. The paper discusses technologies for space heating and hot water preparation as follows: 1) electric direct space heating and boiler for hot water, 2) electric boiler for space heating, 3) heat pump for hot water preparation, 4) air/water heat pump for space heating and hot water preparation, 5) air/water heat pump for floor space heating, 6) condensing gas-fired boiler and floor heating, 7) air/air heat pump + heat pump for hot water preparation, 8) pellet boiler with heat accumulation. The economic evaluation of the options is performed using the basic criteria of economic efficiency, i.e., NPV, IRR, Ts (repayment period (simple)), Tsd (discounted time). The article analyses the advantages and disadvantages of individual technologies and their combinations both in economic terms and in terms of energy efficiency and comfort of use. At the same time, the paper presents estimates of changes in the consumption of electricity and other forms of energy for heating and hot water production from the point of view of the expected rate of construction of new and reconstruction of existing family houses.

The analyses presented in this paper employ budgets for various structural and thermal technical options of a particular executed family home in the municipality of Prague-Vinoř [8], which has actually been executed as Option 6 below. The summary shows the behaviour of the different options in horizons of 15 and 30 years. In the short-term horizon of 15 years, the advantage of the passive options is not that evident from the comparison, but almost all the passive options are more favourable in the long-term horizon of 30 years, except Option 6, which stands apart. However, all the passive option perform better in a horizon of 37 years or more. Passive construction can therefore be executed under advantageous economic conditions, and there is realistic space for cost minimization and maximization of saving effects.

The paper presents the methodology and the case studies for condition of the Czech Republic of BICOM - BIomass COmpetitiveness Model. The model consists of the following modules: (1) the identification of a biomass potential in a given area using GIS modelling (based on climate and soil conditions), (2) modelling the biomass price (using the methodology of the minimum price from the producer's point of view and evaluating the opportunity cost of conventional agriculture production), (3) modelling the biomass processing and logistics, (4) modelling economic competitiveness of the biomass and coal utilization.

Publications, e-book: Effective heating of energy efficient houses deals with the economic evaluation of the different heating and hot water preparation methods in economical family houses. The target group is mainly builders, but also professional public. The publication acts as an information support to announced programs such as New Green Savings, etc. The publication discusses and critically analyzes possible solutions from different perspectives: technical, user and economic. For the economic evaluation, the usual economic efficiency criteria are used. The findings are clearly summarized in the final evaluation. The publication is a follow-up to the title Building Economics of Energy Efficiency 2014, which is focused on building systems and the output of which is a flyer and an e-book that is freely available for download under the name: Is the energy saving house truly economical - The supplement is a briefing leaflet with brief practical conclusions. The elaborated publications can be used very well and practically in the EKIS advisory network and on the MIT and MoE websites as illustrative and easy to understand information materials in the field of energy savings in family and dwelling houses.

Brown coal still plays an important role in space heating in single-family houses, particularly in smaller municipalities with under 2000 inhabitants. Coal combustion in obsolete boilers with low efficiency is an important cause of local air pollution. Natural gas is not available in many smaller municipalities; pellets made from locally available biomass are one of the possible substitutes for brown coal combustion. Other options include heat pumps and modern automatic coal boilers. Analysis results shows that replacement of obsolete boilers with pellet boilers is potentially competitive with modern automatic coal boilers. In comparison with pellet or coal boilers, heat pumps are only competitive in buildings with a high heat demand for space heating. Simultaneously, analysis results show that pellet boilers or automatic coal boilers significantly increase the price of the heat produced compared to operation of obsolete coal boilers, namely by CZK 110 to 180/GJ depending on building type.

The publication investigates the dependence of economic efficiency on the investment and operating costs of energy-saving building construction on the example of a family house. It uses realized famThe publication examines the dependence of economic efficiency on investment and operating on the example of an energy-saving family house. For a better understanding of the study, the concrete family house in Prague - Vinoř is used. Energy consumption, investment and operating costs are compared for different building systems. The study contains permissible simplifications because the issue of energy-saving construction has many degrees of freedom. Attempting to grasp all options usually leads to confusion. To determine the energy intensity of the building, a new building of a passive house, which is modeled in different building systems, is chosen. The individual models are "tuned" so that the house in each building system meets the passive standard according to TNI 73 0329 for family houses. In the Czech Republic, the new green savings scheme (NZÚ), which assumes the use of Czech methodologies for energy assessment of buildings, can be used for the construction of a passive house. Therefore, foreign methodologies, such as PHPP, are not used for evaluation. The technical equipment is assumed to be uniform. The thermal engineering assessment is developed in Svoboda Software: Heat 2014, Energy 2014 and EkoWATT 2014. This is basically the assessment according to ČSN 73 0540, TNI 73 0329 and Decree No. 78/2013 Coll. For the economic evaluation, the classic criteria for assessing economic efficiency are used. Economic calculations are carried out in the CTU Effect 3.0 program. Budgets are compiled in KROS Plus.ily house. Energy consumption, investment and operating costs are compared for different building systems. The classic criteria for assessing economic efficiency are used for the economic evaluation.

The article deals with possibilities of application of central exhaust ventilation system in prefabricated block of flats.

The paper deals with complex retrofit analysis of blocks of flats built during the communist era in the Czech Republic.

The article deals with the issue of energy efficiency measures in the field of DHW in prefabricated blocks of flats.

The article deals with economy of controlled heat recovery ventilation in prefabricated block of flats.

The book is intended for housing cooperatives, associations of owners, experts and other interested parties. Readers will find here recommendations on how to re-construct prefabricated houses to minimize the energy performance of the building and thus the cost of running their apartment while at the same time achieving modern living with superior quality indoor environment. Economical measures are clearly arranged in chapters in an encyclopaedic way so that the reader quickly finds the information he / she just needs. The book is divided into chapters describing individual groups of austerity measures. The schema of these chapters is unified. After a general introduction, specific austerity measures are described, which are subsequently evaluated in terms of energy savings and economic efficiency. For ease of reference in the book, references to related information in the next chapters are placed in each chapter. At the end of the book is a more specialized explanation of basic terms with mathematical and physical supplements. The book summarizes today's most up-to-date knowledge of panel house reconstruction. The aim is to show readers the way to effectively apply such austerity measures to reduce the energy demands of panel buildings, which are based on the latest trends and technologies and are realizable within the building practice.

Book presents results of mutual research activity of Czech - Austrian energy expert group (CZ-AT-EEG) in the period 2005-2009. It deals with interdisciplinary task of energy and the society. The basis of the methodology approach is economic analysis of state intervention analysis in the context of EU energy market development. The detailed case studies are aimed at conditions in the Czech Republic and in the Austria. Following topics were analysis among others: relationship of energy and environmental policies, power market, renewable energy sources, transportation and energy efficiency in buildings.

The article deals with the issue of IAQ and building energy efficiency.

The book deals with various aspects of energy use of biomass. Emphasis is placed on the broad possibilities of this type of fuel. The use of biomass for home heating and water heating, the use of biofuels for passenger cars and the production of electricity and heat from biogas are discussed in detail. The publication also highlights how biomass can be advantageously combined with other sources of energy so that the resulting effect is optimal both economically and ecologically.

Photovoltaics, or the direct transformation of solar energy into electricity, has recently been one of the most dynamically developing sectors whose products are becoming a regular part of our lives. Photovoltaic cells provide most of the calculators and watches, and even flexible stitch panels or garments are available to keep our mobile phone or GPS in operation for example on a mountain hike. In the Indian or African countryside, the photovoltaic system is usually the simplest and cheapest source of electricity.

The book deals with various aspects of energy use of biomass. Emphasis is placed on the broad possibilities of this type of fuel. The use of biomass for home heating and water heating, the use of biofuels for passenger cars and the production of electricity and heat from biogas are discussed in detail. The publication also highlights how biomass can be advantageously combined with other sources of energy so that the resulting effect is optimal both economically and ecologically.

The paper deals with the current state of the renewable energy sources (RES) and the current State Energy Concept (SEK) with regard to EU accession. It deals with aspects of system planning with regard to the vision of strategic objectives and the choice of appropriate means to achieve these goals.

The book deals with the issue of renewable resources in the Czech Republic. It describes basic principles of solar, wind and water energy, biomass energy and low potential (geothermal) energy, including practical examples, schemes and photographs. Each chapter is supplemented by articles on information resources, especially on the Internet. The conclusion of the book is devoted to the economics of projects, the evaluation of heat consumption and the cost of heating.

Objectives of development of renewable energy sources in the Czech Republic and in the EU and possibilities of their achievement.

The book deals with the issue of renewable resources in the Czech Republic. It describes basic principles of solar, wind and water energy, biomass energy and low potential (geothermal) energy, including practical examples, schemes and photographs. Each chapter is supplemented by articles on information resources, especially on the Internet. The conclusion of the book is devoted to the economics of projects, the evaluation of heat consumption and the cost of heating.

Basic definitions of potentials, analysis of the European context, characteristics and properties of RES, basic methods of assessment of suitability and yield of RES and the following examples of evaluation in this study provide an extensive overview of the studied field. The publication details the individual methods of assessing each RES in several degrees of accuracy, and formulates the guiding principles for planning and managing the use of RES. Development of individual methods for assessing suitability and yield of RES for energy balances and energy statistics and for regional spatial planning purposes, eg territorial energy concepts. The aim of the thesis is a comprehensive evaluation methodology for individual RES and for different levels and needs of use.