Ing. Stanislav Flígl, Ph.D.

In this paper is described method of realization of rotor flux oriented control of the induction machine fed by matrix converter with current control. Matrix converter belongs to the category of direct frequency converters that produce output voltage by the means of direct switching of proper input phase voltage to the output. This fact can introduce some problems into control algorithm compared to drive fed by conventional voltage source inverter.

The presented paper summarizes the approaches to dynamic description of an induction machine and presents them from the view point of the modern theory of dynamic systems. Great impact has the selection of the particular state variables. It decides about the mutual dependency of calculated values. Despite of the fact that it is still a correct description of the same system, it in°uences the design of control structures. Only the matrix form underlines clearly the particular differences and shows what combinations of state variables are eligible to be employed in hierarchical control structures.

The induction machine in the operating mode of generator is a very valuable alternative to the synchronous machines. Especially in lower nominal power rating range, such solution can be more cost effective. Induction machine with a squirrel-cage rotor cannot generate a reactive power and even more it is a permanent consumer of the reactive power. In this paper, we strive to define theoretical limits of operation if the electronic source of reactive power is used.

Simulation is nowadays common way how to develop and test control algorithm of a drive before its run up on the real converter. The main problem is that because the control algorithm of the drive has to run in real time and it usually calculates and then outputs switching commands for the transistors, debugging and stopping of the algorithm execution is not possible. Therefore the developed code has to be tested in another way before putting to the real controller. This paper describes development and testing of FOC algorithm for IM drive fed by matrix converter.

– This paper describes a embedded controller for the matrix converter. Thanks to its computing throughput it is suitable for university use, but it enables operation in the whole industrial rage thank to its construction. Besides the example usage in matrix converter, the control system is generally usable for various control tasks.

Two types of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) powering principles were compared in this study. The variable autotransformer (sinusoidal shaped voltage) and the semiconductor H-bridge converter generating pulse width modulation (PWM, square wave shaped voltage) were used as a voltage source. Differences were found in the discharge current waveforms. Powering the DBD by PWM provides promising features for plasma application.

Similarly as in field of combustion engines the efficiency map is very convenient tool for comparison of different motor variants. The overall efficiency of the induction machine can be analyzed in this way too. It is well known, that behavior of the induction machine can be easily described by its state space model. However, this description is mostly used in order to analyze the dynamic behavior only. The efficiency of the machine remains mostly out of the scope of the published articles. Moreover, the rotor resistance can change significantly depending on the mode of operation of the induction motor and power loss caused by hysteresis and eddy currents is not included into the consideration at all. Therefore this paper strives first to derive analytically the efficiency of the induction machine and thus prepare the comparison basis for the future impact analysis of changing the machine parameters and respecting the power loss in magnetic yoke.

This contribution strives to compare behaviors of the IM drive controlled by classical DTC and modified direct torque control strategy based on state space variable description of the IM and first order sliding mode controller. Simulations on SW Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test proposed control strategy and compare them with model of ST-DTC.

Modern electric drive can be comprehended as electro mechanic energy changer. The own change of electric energy to the mechanic energy is done by the electric motor. It needs for the demanded conversion proper voltage, currents or frequency on its terminals. In case of higher demands, like high dynamics of the motor is required, the converter is usually connected in front of the motor. Due to their robustness and durability recently induction machines are used in modern regulated drives. To gain maximal performance from the induction machine is the research also focused on the so called all silicon converter solutions like matrix converter. From the point of control algorithm the the Direct Torque Control (DTC) is one of the most common high performance induction motor control methods nowadays. This paper compares two modern controller approaches for realization of DTC IM drive fed by matrix converter

In this paper, the research in the field of double fed, double-stator induction motors with a ferromagnetic rotor is introduced. This machine was designed as a special electromechanical energy converter with a hollow, thin-walled, outer ferromagnetic rotor, aimed to be used in industry desiccative facilities. For this purpose, a dynamic mathematical model was worked out, implemented and executed in the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. Finally, the theoretical analysis had been supplemented by experimental results measured on an implemented machine prototype.

V dnešní době, kdy se čím dál víc začínají rozšiřovat vozidla s kombinací spalovacího motoru a elektromoto-ru začíná být i účinnost elektromotoru důležitým faktorem z hlediska množství spotřebované energie z baterií. Protože účinnost elektromotoru závisí na jeho provozním stavu (tok, moment, otáčky) je potřeba tyto veličiny vzít v potaz při návrhu regulátoru. Tento příspěvek se zabývá možnostmi analytického výpočtu účinnosti na základě naměřených parametrů náhradního schématu motoru

This paper examines the problem of adequacy in induction machine modeling and attempts to provide a firmer basis for the selection of an appropriate model, to find a possible connection between the two most widespread models and to confirm or disprove their equivalence or differentness as the case may be.

Nowadays in variable speed drives induction machines are widely used. For the understanding and clear specifica-tion of the electromagnetic processes in the induction ma-chines different equivalent circuits can be employed. Traditionally, in order to reduce the complexity of the mathematical model the resistances and inductances are represented as concentrated components and 3 phase wind-ing is assumed to be symmetrical. These equivalent circuits are also used as a starting point for the design of the drive controller. This article strives to compare the two most widely used models and to derive a transformation against each other. In most papers that deal with the problematic of the IM drive control, equation based on the Park's transformation as a T-formed equivalent circuit are used. These models are adequate in many situations. Even though they can seem to be overly simplified, they can serve as a solid basis for an advanced motor control. However other authors tend to use gamma models and there are approaches using both. This paper examines and compares some of the issues of ade-quate machine modeling and attempts to provide a firmer basis for selection of an appropriate model and to confirm or disprove the equivalence of different approaches.

The algorithms based on separated control of the motor flux and torque are used in order to gain the maximum performance from the induction machine. To push the efficiency and dynamics limits of the IM to its limits mostly FOC or DTC control strategies are used. Both are based on the knowledge of the hardly measurable variable-machine flux. To obtain the information about inner machine flux models based on the machine equivalent circuit are mostly used. Therefore the accuracy of the equivalent circuits has direct influence on the accuracy of the machine control. To reduce the complexity of the mathematical model the resistances and inductances are concentrated to one component and 3 phase winding is assumed to be symmetrical. In order to design control strategy for the induction motor, system equations and equivalent circuit must be established at first. This paper examines and compares some of the issues of adequate machine modeling and attempts to provide a firmer basis for selection of an appropriate model and to confirm or disprove the equivalence of different approaches. The results of the IM model run up are then compared to the results obtained from the measurements on the real machine and the equivalency is discussed.

Nowadays in variable speed drives induction machines are widely used. For the understanding and clear specification of the electromagnetic processes in the induction machines different equivalent circuits can be employed. Traditionally, in order to reduce the complexity of the mathematical model the resistances and inductances are represented as concentrated components and 3 phase winding is assumed to be symmetrical. These equivalent circuits are also used as a starting point for the design of the drive controller. This article strives to compare the two most widely used models and to derive a transformation against each other.

The continuous popularity of the research in the area of the matrix converter control theory has been supported by steady technological improvements. It is still common to use discrete semiconductor switches in an anti-serial connection, even though some integrated solutions have been presented by various vendors already. Furthermore, recently experimental all-in-one matrix converter power modules based on reverse blocking transistors were introduced. However, this development has not eliminated the need of the protection circuit and other passive components in the converter's power part. This article strives to describe design procedure for one kind of the matrix converter protection circuits and the design of the input filter for the 3x3 matrix converter prototype.

The matrix converter is a very popular topic because of its advantages in comparison with the indirect frequency converter. Output voltage is produced by the direct switching of output phases to input phases. The modulation strategy and control algorithm used are very important parts of the converter's controller. Common modulation strategies from the field of indirect frequency converters cannot be used in a general case because of the absence of a DC-link. Therefore, modulation strategies based on a virtual DC-link space vector modulation were developed, which works as a dependency injection. That is why different approaches can be used to control both the output voltage and the input current at the same time. In this paper phase control of the input current in combination with a sliding mode control of the output voltage is presented. This enables us to overcome the traditional limitations of the output voltage without resigning from the input current control. Since the induction machine is a system of a higher order than the action vector, an emphasis was also put on stability analysis.

Implementation of the Field Oriented Control and of the Direct Torque Control in matrix converter supplied induction motor drives is analysed in the paper. Comparison with the implementation in drives supplied by the Voltage Source Inverter is carried out. The analysis is accompanied by the results of numerical simulations and experimental implementations of these two control methods

Electric drive is an electro-mechanics energy converter. The own change of electric energy to the mechanic is done by the electric motor. For the demanded conversion of the energy needs the motor proper voltage, currents and fre-quency on its input terminals. In case of higher demands like, when the high dynamic of the motor is required, a converter is mostly connected in front of the motor. Induc-tion machine needs for its regulation frequency converter and control algorithm. In order to design control strategy for the induction mo-tor, system equations must be established at first. The target point is not given by a value of state variables, but their multiplication (mechanical torque). Moreover, depending on the coordinate system selection the destination point (or the curve) can be steadily moving. In other words, then the aim of the control is not to achieve a certain point in the state space but to produce a never ending movement that delivers the required torque as its side effect. The contribution deals with the analysis of the state space description of the induction motor based on the G-equivalent circuit of the IM. The operational limitations of the IM are mathematically derived based on the state space equations. The state space model of the IM and operational limits are then used as a starting point for the design of the IM drive control strategy based on the sliding mode control theory.

Matrix converter belongs to the direct frequency converter category. In this contribution the name "Matrix Converter" means the symmetrical 3x3 topology made by nine bidirectional switches. Output voltage is produced by direct switching of input phases to output phases. Very important parts of the converter's controller are used modulation strategy and control algorithm. The common modulation strategies from the area of the indirect frequency converters can not be used because of the absence of the DC-link. Therefore the modulation strategies based on virtual DC-link space vector modulation were developed. It works as a dependency injection. That is why different approaches can be used to control both the output voltage and the input current at the same time. In this paper the phase control of the input current in the combination with the sliding mode control of the output voltage is presented. This enables us to overcome the traditional limitation of the output voltage without resigning from the input current control.

In this paper, the implementation of the Field Oriented Control and the Direct Torque Control in matrix converter supplied induction motor drives is analysed, and compared with the implementation in drives supplied by the Voltage Source Inverter. The analysis is accompanied by the results of numerical simulations and experimental implementations of these two control methods

The continuous popularity of the matrix converter control theory has been supported by steady technological improvements. It is still common to use discrete switches in an anti-serial connection, even though some integrated solutions have been presented by various vendors already. Furthermore, recently experimental all-in-one matrix converter power modules based on reverse blocking transistors were introduced. The working principle of the matrix converter has been described by many authors in various ways. Especially, the introduction of the virtual DC link concept was one of the most important milestones in the matrix converter theory. However, the mathematical description is not symmetrical in this case. That is why a new approach presented in this article strives to symmetrize the matrix converter voltage and current transfer functions. For this purpose, new term is defined: DC-space vector.

This article describes the former configuration of the control part for the experimental matrix converter and it introduces proposals for the next configuration generation as well. The former target system consists of a common personal computer, I/O card, rack, and the power circuit. Based on its overall assessment, a new configuration approach is proposed. The new system configuration promises many improvements. The communication between the control computer and the low level logic is based on the industrial PC104 bus. A new FPGA device is employed. It enables to handle all digital signals in the same time

The working principle of the matrix converter has been described by many authors in various ways. Especially, the introduction of the virtual DC link concept was one of the most important milestones in the matrix converter theory. However, the mathematical description is not symmetrical in this case. That is why a new approach presented in this article strives to symmetrize the matrix converter voltage and current transfer functions. For this purpose, new term is defined: DC-space vector.

The continuous popularity of the matrix converter control theory has been supported by steady technological improvements. It is still common to use discrete switches in an anti-serial connection, even though some integrated solutions have been presented by various vendors already. Furthermore, recently experimental all-in-one matrix converter power modules based on reverse blocking transistors were introduced. However, it does not eliminate the need of the protection circuit. This article strives to describe design procedure for one kind of the matrix converter protection circuits

The presented paper deals with modulation strategy of the matrix converter. Attention is paid to the indirect space vector modulation (ISVM) that is based on the virtual dc link concept. The 3D space for selection of the modulation index is being often overlooked. In this article it is discussed in detail.

Tato práce se zabývá modulátorem maticového měniče a jeho komunikací s nadřazeným regulátorem. Stručně je představena metoda měření vstupního napětí. V závěru práce je prezentováno provedené testování komunikace mezi nadřazeným regulátorem a modulátorem realizovaným pomocí technologie FPGA.

The matrix converter is a very popular topic today. Many papers about matrix converter deal with modulation strategies and control algorithms. In this paper, special attention is paid to the indirect space vector modulation, which is based on the virtual dc link concept. The entire converter is interpreted as a series connection of two matrix converters (rectifying and inverting virtual matrix converter). Thanks to this insight, it is possible to compose the modu- lation strategy for the entire matrix converter from the inverter and rectier part modulations. The main goal is to achieve the maximal possible output voltage by overmodulation employ- ment. The overmodulation method based on the indirect vector modulation is presented. By means of the square wave modulation the voltage transfer ratio can be increased from 0.866 up to 0.955. Moreover, together with control of the current modulation index, a linear and continuous adjustment of the output voltage can be achieved.

Příspěvek se zabývá nástinem problematiky komutace maticových měničů, a zejména pak dvoukrokové metody. Tato komutační strategie byla realizována v jazyku VHDL pro FPGA a byla simulována v Simulinku. Bylo však nezbytné spojit Simulink s Modesimem, který je schopen simulovat kód ve VHDL. Díky kosimulaci bylo odhaleno, že teoretické předpoklady nerespektují některé omezující faktory dvoukrokového algoritmu.

Matrix converter belongs to the group of direct AC-AC converters. Direct torque control method is a modern control technology which uses a simple controlling algorithm. It directly controls motor torque and flux without using a modulator and without the need of precise output voltage vectors generating like it is demanded in the case of field oriented control. The article presents a model of an induction motor fed by a matrix converter controlled by Takahashi direct torque control.

Much more frequently than in the case of any other converter, the maximum achievable voltage transfer ratio is mentioned in papers concerning matrix converters. This is mainly historical in nature since early methods achieved rather small output voltages and even today the matrix converter is still disadvantageous from this point of view in comparison with indirect frequency converters. It is very important to obtain a voltage of value close to the mains voltage. In the paper is presented a possible overmodulation method. By increasing the current modulation index the output voltage can be enlarged up to the limit 0.955.

This work deals with commutation algorithms of the matrix converter. The working principles of the four-step switching algorithm controlled by the line to line voltage are presented. The explanation is accompanied also with tables of switching patterns for different current direction. Switching time calculation approaches are described in detail as well. In the last part of article, the overall circuit of the modulator unit is explained and its implementation in VHDL language is introduced briefly.

This article describes the matrix converter system filter design. First, some of the most often used filter configurations are described and their properties compared. Then, the example of the practical filter design is presented. In our case the best characteristics offer the parallel damped and the multiple sections filters. Although a little more complicated, the multiple section filter can be smaller and cheaper due to the use of smaller components. However, the parallel damped filter was chosen due to its simplicity.

The measured results obtained on the built-up experimental test bed have proved the proper function of the designed conception of the matrix converter control system and implemented PWM strategy.

Maticové měniče si získávají v poslední době stále větší popularitu mezi odbornou veřejností. Z pohledu klasické definice se jedná o přímé měniče kmitočtu. Při porovnání s konvenčními nepřímými měniči kmitočtu vykazují řadu předností. Nevyžadují akumulační členy (kondenzátory, tlumivky) ve stejnosměrném meziobvodu náročné na prostor, materiál a finance. Umožňují obousměrný tok energie mezi zdrojem a zátěží. Jejich rostoucí popularita je provázena řadou doprovodných jevů. Ne straně jedné jsou hledány nové možnosti aplikace maticových měničů. Jedna z možností kaskádního zapojení měničů je zmíněna v tomto článku. Na straně druhé se stále častěji objevují nové výkonové topologie, které si přisvojují název "maticový měnič". Ty jsou založeny na zobecnění pojmu obousměrného spínače a na fyzicky vyjádřeném virtuálním meziobvodu. V závěru článku jsou pro dvě vybrané topologie nastíněny možnosti jejich fyzické realizace.

The matrix converter is a very popular topic today. It has attracted not only academic attention. Many papers about matrix converter deal with modulation strategies and control algorithms. The main goal is to achieve the maximal possible output voltage by overmodulation employment. The overmodulation method based on the indirect vector modulation is presented in this paper. By means of the square wave modulation the voltage transfer ratio can be increased from 0,866 up to 0,955. Moreover, together with control of the current modulation index, a linear and continuous adjustment of the output voltage can be achieved.

This article describes the former configuration of the experimental matrix converter and it introduces proposals for the next configuration generation as well. The former target system consists of a common personal computer, I/O card, rack, and the power circuit. Based on its overall assessment, a new configuration approach is proposed. The new system configuration promises many improvements. The communication between the control computer and the low level logic is based on the industrial PC104 bus. A new FPGA device is employed. It enables to handle all digital signals in the same time.

Příspěvek vznikl jako součást projektu stavby kompaktní verze třífázového maticového měniče. Zabývá se návrhem hardwaru pro tento měnič. Obecně popisuje návrh prototypu měniče z hlediska prostorového uspořádání. Podrobněji se věnuje řídicímu systému, definuje jeho komponenty a rozhraní mezi nimi. Zvláštní důraz je přitom kladen na návrh jednotky generátoru spínacích pulzů založené na FPGA obvodu, která je klíčovou částí pro funkci měniče.

Práce se zabývá komutačními algoritmy maticových měničů. Je uvedeno čtyřkrokové spínání řízené podle vstupního sdruženého napětí. Tento algoritmus je znázorněn v tabulce ukazující spínací kombinace pro rozdílné směry proudu. Detailně je vysvětlen postup výpočtu spínacích časů. V poslední části článku je uvedeno celé zapojení modulátoru a stručný popis implementace v jazyce VHDL.

Tento článek probírá různé typy vstupních EMC filtrů pro filtraci symetrické složky rušení a možnosti jejích použití v maticovém měniči. Hlavní funkce EMC filtru jsou: a) zmenšení vlivů elektromagnetického rušení generovaného v maticovém měniči na napájecí sít a b) zmenšení vlivu rušení ze strany napájecí sítě na maticový měnič a elektrická zařízení napojená na jeho výstupu. Vedle pozitivních účinků, vstupní filtr má i své negativní stránky: velikost a cenu. Často vstupní filtr zabírá podstatnou část měniče. Maticový měnič patří skupině přímých měničů, které neobsahují DC obvod s velkými akumulačními prvky. Pro konverzi energie z jednoho AC systému do druhého používá pouze polovodičové součástky. Nepřítomnost akumulačních prvků umožňuje dosáhnout menších velikostí čímž se maticový měnič stává vhodným pro aplikace s omezeným instalačním prostorem.

Příspěvek pojednává o možnostech využití operačního systému LINUX pro řízení maticového měniče v reálném čase.

The presented paper deals with matrix converter induction motor drive with emphasis on the PWM modulation strategy design. The special digital control system was used. This system consists of two personal computers. The first one serves for monitoring purposes only, the second one is equipped with a common interface card and works in real time. The most of the contemporary modulation strategies are able to provide practically sinusoidal waveforms of the input and output currents with negligible low order harmonics, and to control the input displacement factor.

The described measurements were taken for both the motor and generator operation regimes. The measured results obtained on the built-up experimental test bed have proved the proper function of the designed conception of the matrix converter control system and implemented PWM strategy. The realization brought many other additional effects and pieces of experience.

This contribution deals with the hardware design for a matrix converter compact version. It is presented a short introduction to the power circuit configuration and control system of the matrix converter. The accent is given on the design of FPGA based switching pattern generation board, which is necessary part of the converter. Further it can be found a description of individual parts of the board, which are needed to meet requirements of the system.

Maticové měniče mají oproti konvenčním nepřímým měničům kmitočtu řadu předností. Neobsahují akumulační členy (kondensátory, tlumivky) ve stejnosměrném meziobvodu, které zvyšují nároky na prostor, materiál a finance. Umožňují obousměrný tok energie mezi zdrojem a zátěží. Strategie šířkově pulsní modulace přitom zajišťují prakticky sinusové průběhy vstupních i výstupních veličin s možností řízení účiníku na vstupu.

An overview of AC/AC converters used in modern electric drives is presented. These converters take energy from one AC power system and deliver it into another one, which can in general have different voltage, frequency, phase, and number of phases. The AC/AC converters can be divided into two main groups: indirect converters with the DC link containing the energy storage and direct converters transforming the energy directly from one AC power system into another one without the energy storage. A special accent is put on some newly developed topologies, such as matrix converters and multilevel converters. Several most promising configurations are presented.

Matrix converters have attracted an amount of interest over the past 25 years already, but they find time after time once again new utilisation. The presented paper deals with the recent concept of hybrid and power splitting traction drive systems. Special attention is paid to electric power splitting. In the investigated system a traction induction motor is employed. The matrix converter realised on the base of new progressive semiconductor elements is used to treat the electrically transmitted part of the whole drive energy. This solution is advantageous with regard to the reactive component reduction. The special digital control system consisting of two personal computers is used for the realised test bed. The matrix converter IGBTs are controlled by means of the designed indirect pulse width modulation method.

The presented paper deals with matrix converters pulse width modulation strategies design with emphasis on the electromagnetic compatibility. The most of the contemporary dulation strategies are able to provide practically sinusoidal waveforms of the input and output currents with negligible low order harmonics, and to control the input displacement factor. A special digital control system was developed for the realized experimental test bed which makes it possible to achieve greater throughput of the digital control system and its variability.

The designed concept of the matrix converter induction motor drive control system with emphasis on the PWM modulation strategy employed in the hybrid traction drive with electric power splitting is presented.

Matrix converters have attracted an amount of interest over the past 25 years already, but they find time after time once again new utilisation. The presented paper deals with the recent concept of hybrid and power splitting traction drive systems. Special attention is paid to electric power splitting. In the investigated system a traction induction motor is employed. The matrix converter realised on the base of new progressive semiconductor elements is used to treat the electrically transmitted part of the whole drive energy. This solution is advantageous with regard to the reactive component reduction. The special digital control system consisting of two personal computers is used for the realised test bed. The matrix converter IGBTs are controlled by means of the designed indirect pulse width modulation method.

Příspěvek se zabývá návrhem strategie šířkově pulzní modulace maticových měničů s důrazem na elektromagnetickou kompatibilitu. Většina moderních modulačních strategií je schopna zajistit prakticky sinusové průběhy vstupních a výstupních proudů se zanedbatelnými harmonickými nízkého řádu a řízení vstupního fázového posuvu. Pro realizované experimentální stanoviště byl vyvinut speciální číslicový řídicí systém, který umožňuje dosažení velkého výpočetního výkonu a značné variability řídicího systému.

The designed concept of the matrix converter control system employed in the hybrid traction drive with electric power splitting is presented. The matrix converter inclusion in the drive is advantageous especially with regard to the reactive component reduction.

The presented paper deals with the matrix converter control hardware and software conception. The built matrix converter is used to treat the electrically transmitted energy part of the investigated hybrid power splitting drive system. The digital control system used for the realised test bed consists of two personal computers. The first one serves to monitoring purposes only, the second one is equipped with a common interface card and works in real time. All the signals are reprocessed and adjusted in interface cards situated in the control rack. From these cards the necessary electrical and optical signals are sent directly to the power and measure parts of the matrix converter system.

The designed concept of the matrix converter control system employed in the hybrid traction drive with electric power splitting is presented. The matrix converter inclusion in the drive is advantageous especially with regard to the reactive component reduction.

Matrix converters do not require energy storage components as a bulky capacitor or an inductance in the DC-link demanding on the room, material, and finance. They enable the bi-directional power flow between the power supply and load. The most of the contemporary modulation strategies are able to provide practically sinusoidal waveforms of the input and output currents with negligible low order harmonics, and to control the input displacement factor. The PWM methods can be divided into two basic groups - direct and indirect methods. The direct methods result from the direct dependences between the input and output quantities of the converter. In case of the indirect methods, the so-called virtual intermediate dc link is being introduced, which makes it possible to derive the switch sequences combination of the matrix converter switching devices on account of the procedures well known from the classical indirect frequency changers topologies.

Maticové měniče vykazují při porovnání s konvenčními nepřímými měniči kmitočtu řadu předností. Nevyžadují akumulační členy (kondenzátory, tlumivky) ve stejnosměrném meziobvodu náročné na prostor, materiál a finance. Umožňují obousměrný tok energie mezi zdrojem a zátěží. Soudobé strategie šířkově pulsní modulace přitom zajišťují prakticky sinusové průběhy vstupních i výstupních veličin s řízeným fázovým posuvem na vstupu. Modulační metody lze dělit na přímé a nepřímé. Přímé modulace vycházejí ze vztahů popisujících přímo závislost mezi vstupními a výstupními veličinami měniče. U nepřímých modulací se zavádí virtuální stejnosměrný meziobvod, který umožňuje odvození sekvence kombinací sepnutí prvků maticového měniče na základě postupů známých z klasických topologií nepřímých měničů.

The paper deals with simulation and realization of the matrix converter control system employed in the hybrid traction drive with electric power splitting. The results obtained by means of the simulation and on the built-up experimental test bed have proved proper function of the designed matrix converter control hardware and software concept.

Ve srovnání s dnes již běžnými nepřímými měniči kmitočtu shledáváme v případě maticových měničů řadu předností. Maticové měniče nevyžadují na prostor, materiál a finance náročné akumulační členy (kondenzátory, tlumivky) ve stejnosměrném meziobvodu. Umožňují obousměrný tok energie mezi zdrojem a zátěží. Moderní strategie šířkově pulzní modulace zajišťují prakticky sinusové průběhy vstupních i výstupních veličin s řízeným fázovým posuvem na vstupu. Modulační metody lze dělit na přímé a nepřímé. Přímé metody vycházejí ze vztahů popisujících přímo závislost mezi vstupními a výstupními veličinami měniče. V případě nepřímých metod se zavádí tzv. virtuální stejnosměrný meziobvod, který umožňuje odvození sekvence kombinací sepnutí prvků maticového měniče na základě postupů známých z klasických topologií nepřímých měničů kmitočtu.

Alternativní využití maticového měniče

The paper deals with the PC based control system design regarding to the requirements of a matrix converter. All the subsequent parts are described. Special attention is paid to the VHDL design and interconnections of all the desired parts.

The presented paper deals with the designed concept of the matrix converter control system employed in the hybrid traction drive with electric power splitting. In the investigated system a traction induction motor is employed. The matrix converter realised on the base of new progressive semiconductor elements is used to treat the electrically transmitted part of the whole drive energy. This solution is advantageous with regard to the reactive component reduction. The special digital control system consisting of two personal computers is used for the realized test bed.

The matrix converters have attracted an amount of interest over the past 25 years already, but they find time after time once again new utilisation. The presented paper deals with the recent concept of hybrid and power splitting traction drive systems. Special attention is paid to electric power splitting. In the investigated systém a traction induction motor is employed. The matrix converter realised on the base of new progressive semiconductor elements is used to treat the electrically transmitted part of the whole drive energy. This solution is advantageous with regard to the reactive component reduction.

Některé aspekty realizace systému s maticovým měničem

The presented paper deals with the matrix converter control system hardware and software conception. The built matrix converter is used to treat the electrically transmitted energy part of the investigated hybrid power splitting drive system. Special attention is paid to electric power splitting. The special digital control system is used for the realised test bed. This system consists of two personal computers. The first one serves for monitoring purposes only, the second one is equipped with a common interface card and works in real time. All the signals are reprocessed and adjusted in interface cards situated in the control rack. From these cards the necessary electrical and optical signals are sent directly to the power and measure parts of the matrix converter system.

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